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Bepin Chandra Pal
‐
Notable figure in the Indian nationalist movement
Other names
B. C. Pal
Bipin Chandra Pal
Place of birth
Location(s)
London
W14 0NJ
United Kingdom
Date of time spent in Britain
1898–9, 1907–9
About
Bepin Chandra Pal was an Indian nationalist, the 'Pal' in the Lal-Bal-Pal of the Swadeshi triumvirate. A member of the Brahmo Samaj, Pal went to England in 1899 to study comparative theology. This was a two-year course he took up at New Manchester College, Oxford, but he only stayed for one academic year. During his time at Oxford, he travelled the British Isles, preaching from Unitarian pulpits.
Back in India, Pal became involved with nationalist politics. He became a member of the Indian National Congress, and opposed the partition of Bengal in 1905. He launched the journal Bande Mataram, which Aurobindo Ghose soon joined as editor. In 1907 he returned to England with his son, Niranjan Pal, and become associated with Shyamaji Krishnavarma's India House organization. However, following the assassination of Curzon Wyllie (which he condemned), he returned to India. This was because he had to close the journal he had launched in England, Swaraj.
Upon this return to India, Pal was regarded as a more moderate nationalist, although he was often critical of M. K. Gandhi. He died in poverty in 1932.
Surendranath Banerjea (uncle of wife), David Garnett, Aurobindo Ghose, Niranjan Pal, Shapurji Saklatvala (Pal stayed with him in Manchester in 1910), V. D. Savarkar, K. C. Sen.
Memories of My Life and Times (Calcutta: Bipinchandra Pal Institute, 1973)
The Spirit of Indian Nationalism (London, 1910); reprinted in Elie Kedourie Elie (ed.) Nationalism in Asia and Africa (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1971)
Bhattacharya, B. K. (ed.) India's Freedom Movement: Legacy of Bipin Chandra Pal (New Delhi: Deep & Deep, 2007)
Chatterjee, Saral Kumar, Bipin Chandra Pal (Delhi: Government of India, 1984)
Garnett, David, The Golden Echo (London: Chatto & Windus, 1953)
Owen, Nicholas, The British Left and India: Metropolitan Anti-Imperialism, 1885–1947 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007)
Mukherjee, Haridas and Uma, Bipin Chandra Pal and India's Struggle for Swaraj (Calcutta: K. L. Mukhopadhyaya, 1958)
Image credit
Wikimedia Commons
